If you've played through the story of Genshin Impact and wondered why your elemental attacks are starting to feel a little less effective over time, the answer is your elemental mastery. This stat dictates how much damage you deal with abilities, but as enemies level up, you'll need to make sure to rank it up to keep dealing effective damage to them.
The main way to increase this stat is not to level up, but to use Artifacts. Different artifacts offer different bonuses, and some of them will give you increased elemental mastery.
Artifacts can provide buffs as a primary or secondary effect. Secondary effects are unlocked by upgrading and leveling the artifact itself. For example, the berserker's bone cup will increase elemental mastery. As you rank up the artifact, this increase will increase with each level.
Some characters will use a lot more elemental attacks than others, so be sure to equip the right artifacts on the right characters and then level them up as needed. You can also get weapons that will give an elemental mastery buff, and these work the same way. As you level them up, the buff will increase.
While leveling up your character will increase things like HP, and worshiping the Statues of the Seven will improve stamina, you'll need to constantly level up your artifacts and play with your loadouts, to make sure all of your character's builds are at height.